Tóm tắt tài liệu: Flawed Self-Assessment
Tác giả: Dunning, David; Heath, Chip; Suls, Jerry M.
Năm xuất bản: 2004
Nguồn: Psychological Science in the Public Interest
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2004.00018.x
Tóm tắt
Research from numerous corners of psychological inquiry suggests that self-assessments of skill and character are often flawed in substantive and systematic ways. We review empirical findings on the imperfect nature of self-assessment and discuss implications for three real-world domains: health, education, and the workplace. In general, people's self-views hold only a tenuous to modest relationship with their actual behavior and performance. The correlation between self-ratings of skill and actual performance in many domains is moderate to meager—indeed, at times, other people's predictions of a person's outcomes prove more accurate than that person's self-predictions. In addition, people overrate themselves. On average, people say that they are “above average” in skill (a conclusion that defies statistical possibility), overestimate the likelihood that they will engage in desirable behaviors and achieve favorable outcomes, furnish overly optimistic estimates of when they will complete future projects, and reach judgments with too much confidence. Several psychological processes conspire to produce flawed self-assessments. Research focusing on health echoes these findings. People are unrealistically optimistic about their own health risks compared with those of other people. They also overestimate how distinctive their opinions and preferences (e.g., discomfort with alcohol) are among their peers—a misperception that can have a deleterious impact on their health. Unable to…
Thông tin trích dẫn
Dunning, D., Heath, C., & Suls, J. M. (2004). Flawed Self-Assessment. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2004.00018.x
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